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Abstract This article examines the historical relationship between the public communication of the late Qing School and the identity transformation of modern intellectuals and the cultural innovation of May 4th, based on the description of the topics of the public communication life of the students in the late Qing Dynasty school, as well as the formation of the network and the mechanism of speech action. The study found that public affairs consultation, current political discourse and knowledge and emotional exchange in the school of the late Qing Dynasty have objectively become the "exercise" and "simulation" of public action in a larger scope. While in the main network and the structure of speech action, both show that rational action and geo-relation, consanguinity of scholarships, ideology, private life factors, as well as class and public/non-public strategic actions are embedded together. In this sense, the public communication action of students in the late Qing Dynasty school became the prelude to the climax of the "publicity" transformation in Chinese society during the May 4th period, thus having the historical significance of cultural innovation.
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