本文通过交往理性和惯习形成的理论视角，在描述清末学堂学生公共交往生活的议题以及交往主体间网络形成和言语行动机制的基础上，考察清末学堂公共交往与现代知识分子身份转型以及五四文化革新之间的历史关联。研究发现，清末学堂内的公共事务协商、时政议论以及知识情感交流客观上成了更大范围内公共行动的“练习”和“模拟”，而在主体网络以及言语行动结构上，公共交往理性行动则与地缘惯习、学缘、意识形态、阶层这样的私人生活因素以及公开/非公开的策略行动镶嵌在一起。从这个意义上讲，清末学堂学生的公共交往行动成为五四时期中国社会发生“公共性”转变高潮的“前奏”，从而具有了一种文化革新的历史意义。

This article examines the historical relationship between the public communication of the late Qing School and the identity transformation of modern intellectuals and the cultural innovation of May 4th, based on the description of the topics of the public communication life of the students in the late Qing Dynasty school, as well as the formation of the network and the mechanism of speech action. The study found that public affairs consultation, current political discourse and knowledge and emotional exchange in the school of the late Qing Dynasty have objectively become the "exercise" and "simulation" of public action in a larger scope. While in the main network and the structure of speech action, both show that rational action and geo-relation, consanguinity of scholarships, ideology, private life factors, as well as class and public/non-public strategic actions are embedded together. In this sense, the public communication action of students in the late Qing Dynasty school became the prelude to the climax of the "publicity" transformation in Chinese society during the May 4th period, thus having the historical significance of cultural innovation.