“文艺复兴”一代的文化重建与课程改革行动——以胡适、钱穆为中心的叙事研究

周勇

中国教育:研究与评论 ›› 2014, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1) : 1-59.

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中国教育:研究与评论 ›› 2014, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1) : 1-59.
学术研究与交流

  “文艺复兴”一代的文化重建与课程改革行动——以胡适、钱穆为中心的叙事研究

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ulture Reconstruction and Curriculum Reform of the Renaissance Generation: A Narrative Research on Hu Shi and Qian Mu

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摘要

1912年,蔡元培的领导下,中国教育开始发展现代文理科课程体系。接着,从1917年起,蔡元培又试图将北京大学改造成现代文理科“高深学术”中心。之后,以胡适为首的“文艺复兴”一代登上教育界中心舞台,并在哲学、文学等领域发起了一系列的文化重建与课程改革运动。通过巧妙发挥自己的西学资源,同时借力于学生领袖、蔡元培、陈独秀、钱玄同等各方势力,胡适不仅在“章太炎学派”掌控的学术教育场域中为现代中国教育开辟了一条“科学”的文化重建进路,而且成为诸多主流课程典范的缔造者,并因此左右了五四以来教育界的文化重建与课程改革走势,以至连钱穆这样的最底层的教师都对胡适的文化重建与课程改革做出了积极响应。不过,在积极响应之后,钱穆终究还是依靠自己的学术文化功夫,从胡适派的支配性影响中实现了突围,推出了一套宗旨不同的现代国学研究及国学课程范式。五四以来教育界的文化重建与课程改革也因为有钱穆这样的基层教师致力于另辟进路而变得异常生动多样。但从1931年九一八事变起,无论是一直在边缘探索进路的钱穆,还是长期占据中心舞台的胡适,都得让位于更紧迫、更重要、更有号召力的抗日战争与民族解放事业,“文艺复兴”一代由此注定只能退出现代中国教育的中心舞台。

Abstract

In 1917,the Renaissance Generation, led by Hu Shi, climbed up to the center stage of the education field in modern China. Through making use of his western culture knowledge in a wise way, and seeking for supports from existed important cultural and educational forces, Hu Shi and his partners not only carved out a so called scientific way of culture reconstruction in the center education field dominated by Zhang Taiyan School, but also became the widely acknowledged founder of many new curriculum paradigms. Even at the lowest level of the education system, one could see there were teachers, such as Qian Mu, who were grasped by the cultural and educational agendas issued by Hu Shi. The rural primary school teacher like Qian Mu, however, eventually broke away from the modern culture world shaped by Hu Shi, and found an alternative way with his own classical culture studies. It was the reformer, dedicating to finding alternative way represented by Qian Mu, who made the culture reconstruction and curriculum reform in modern China's education history rich and colorful. But when the September 18 Incident broke out in 1931, no matter who, Qian Mu or the powerful Hu Shi, had to turn towards the greatest political courses of Anti-Japanese and national independence. From that year, the Renaissance Generation witnessed their withdrawing from the center stage in the modern China's education history.

关键词

“文艺复兴”一代 / 文化重建 / 课程改革 / 胡适 / 钱穆 

Key words

The Renaissance Generation / culture reconstruction / curriculum reform / Hu Shi / Qian Mu

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周勇.   “文艺复兴”一代的文化重建与课程改革行动——以胡适、钱穆为中心的叙事研究[J]. 中国教育:研究与评论, 2014, 17(1): 1-59
Zhou Yong. ulture Reconstruction and Curriculum Reform of the Renaissance Generation: A Narrative Research on Hu Shi and Qian Mu[J]. China's Education: Research & Review, 2014, 17(1): 1-59

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